[{"id":95,"title":"Limiting the Risks and Effects of Dry Cargo Liquefaction with Drying Filler Material","sha":"dafe772df9fcde200975529b57b8924c","user_id":391,"state":"published","body":"All too frequently, cargo ships transporting bulk cargo sink because of dry cargo liquefaction. By mixing cargo material (CM) with a non-reactive Drying Filler Material (DFM) the cargo hold could be filled completely regardless of the amount of CM to be transported, thus reducing the space in which the material inside the cargo hold can move. Due to the drying properties of the DFM, humidity in the CM could be reduced and stored in DFM particles, reducing the risk of liquefaction in the first place. Essentially one would add cat litter: just like cat litter, the DFM would bind humidity. Regular cat litter, made e.g. of bentonite, turns into clumps, which is what you want to avoid because you want to maintain the overall volume. Bigger items, such as wood pellets, though, might be more suitable. Potentially a better DFM must be engineered artificially. At the end of the journal CM and DFM would have to be separated. This would add some complications and costs to the overall process but might provide a way to reduce risks to the lives of seafarers.","created_at":"2015-02-24T16:36:39.832Z","updated_at":"2015-02-25T06:00:25.423Z","zenodo_id":23416,"doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15635","subject":null,"tags":["ship","shipping","cargo","vessel","dry cargo liquefaction","liquefaction"],"vote_count":0,"view_count":1,"score":0.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":false,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null},{"id":184,"title":"Coiling attached with UV source and gas inlet for ballast water treatment: An effective physical method for ballast water treatment","sha":"b4cba8e3a163064e1551eb6077f462d8","user_id":null,"state":"published","body":"Ships carry giant volume of ballast water required to sink in Sea. The loading and unloading of ballast water causes negative impact on marine environment. The discharged ballast water typically contains both macroscopic and microscopic plants, animals, bacteria, fungi and viruses. It is mandatory to treat ballast water by eco-friendly means. Biofouling of large macroscopic animals and their invasion is difficult to control. Microbial biofouling can be effectively controlled using physicochemical, physical enhancement and residual control method. Physical measures include UV irradiation, UV + TiO2, deoxygenation, gas injection, ultrasonic treatment, and cavitation. These methods are carried out by using pipes having UV tubes and gas inlet. Because of high speed of pumping water in and out, pathogenic microorganisms either exposed for less time to UV light or the dissolution rate of gas is very less. This problem can be overcome by the use of coiling with UV tubes and gas inlet system and borosilicate UV tubes submerged in the ballast tanks. It increases the exposure of pathogenic microorganisms to UV light and gas for longer period of time. This method is effective in reduction of pathogenic province and may be used as alternative method for the ballast water treatment.","created_at":"2015-07-01T11:56:43.149Z","updated_at":"2015-07-20T09:49:11.543Z","zenodo_id":34019,"doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19204","subject":null,"tags":["ballast water treatment","cargo","microbial invasion","ballast discharge","open sea"],"vote_count":1,"view_count":1,"score":1.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":true,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null}]