[{"id":21,"title":"Great stock or climate change indicator?","sha":"a05954037a4797343c7e8e6f16bcb193","user_id":28,"state":"published","body":"I propose to gather a collection of sock price histories and various indicators of climate change (temperatures, CO2 levels, etc.) and anonymize their labels. These would be used to create a game or prediction market so that the players would be incentivized to choose which of these time series they think show a positive trend. This blind labeling of climate change time series would be useful for providing input into the debates around particular time series that are heavily biased by the politics surrounding the issue.","created_at":"2015-02-09T06:05:27.725Z","updated_at":"2015-03-03T20:44:18.611Z","zenodo_id":21723,"doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14937","subject":null,"tags":["climate","change","stock","market"],"vote_count":3,"view_count":1,"score":3.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":false,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null},{"id":60,"title":"Why Renewable Energy Cannot Replace Fossil Fuels","sha":"37d566bd645c1d9bbbfcd49be9667ce5","user_id":223,"state":"published","body":"In 2013, the world used 533 exajoule of commercial primary energy, of which 87% was from fossil fuels. Renewable energy (RE) accounted for just under 9% [BP 2014] (http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/Energy-economics/statistical-review-2014/BP-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2014-full-report.pdf). Because of global fossil fuel depletion and climate change, fossil fuel use must fall in the coming decades. Nuclear energy faces an uncertain future, with output stagnating over the past decade. \r\nRE promises to ease reliance on fossil fuels, reduce energy imports, and cut CO2 emissions. Resources appear more than adequate to replace fossil fuels as the dominant source. But the two most abundant sources, solar and wind, are intermittent; conversely, the non-intermittent sources such as hydro and geothermal for electricity production, are limited. Bioenergy faces competing uses: food, forest products, animal forage. Already, RE has a much lower energy return on energy invested than fossil fuels. If RE is to provide all our energy, conversion and storage of intermittent energy will be needed, further lowering the energy return.\r\nThe world will eventually have to rely on RE sources, but we’ll never again have the high-energy society of the fossil fuel era. Instead, the we’ll have to make do with a lot less energy.\r\n","created_at":"2015-02-18T23:17:53.761Z","updated_at":"2019-02-09T14:14:54.470Z","zenodo_id":23115,"doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15514","subject":null,"tags":["renewable","energy","fossil","climate"],"vote_count":5,"view_count":1,"score":5.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":false,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null},{"id":128,"title":"Building a Climate Change Litigation Database","sha":"14f8f943b33c6e9ddd2323313630170a","user_id":391,"state":"published","body":"Recently, The Guardian reported on a case brought by a Peruvian plaintiff against German energy company RWE over fears of effects of climate change (http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/mar/16/peruvian-farmer-demands-climate-compensation-from-german-company) in which the energy company is brought to court as a polluter. With this case, German courts will enter new territory and it remains to be seen if German law actually allows such claims to be successful. One problem in this context will be to prove causality. German law will hardly be alone with this and related problems as climate change-related damage will often not be covered by existing rules of tort law. By engaging in successful litigation against polluting companies, the price of doing business which is harmful for the climate can be increased. It will therefore be useful to collect cases on domestic climate change litigation.","created_at":"2015-03-25T19:41:54.054Z","updated_at":"2015-03-30T07:29:55.149Z","zenodo_id":25711,"doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16371","subject":null,"tags":["climate","climate change","law","court","litigation","database","peru","germany"],"vote_count":1,"view_count":1,"score":1.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":false,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null},{"id":88,"title":"Peak Urbanism, Future Cities and Climate","sha":"46f0c5806004f1044ce04170672f0fa5","user_id":223,"state":"published","body":"Over half the global population is already urban, and the UN expect this share to continue rising [[UN 2014]] (http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/default.aspx). Not only are cities already responsible for about 70% of global CO2, but their concentration of population and infrastructure make them especially vulnerable to climate change. Unless serious mitigation actions are implemented, by 2100 the world average surface temperature could warm by 4 °C or more above pre-industrial. Cities would then be subject to a variety of biophysical hazards. Health risks would rise from both more frequent and more intense heat waves, and possibly, the spread of infectious diseases. Flooding risk would increase for many cities due to rising sea levels for coastal cities and/or hinterland river flooding. Adaptation limits would be reached, with the residents of the world’s urban slums suffering the most [[Moriarty and Honnery 2015]] (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2014.12.009).\r\nAlternatively, if timely and stringent mitigation policies are implemented, the changes to urban economies are likely to be profound, probably necessitating declining energy and material throughputs, even if resource constraints are not limiting. If so, the attraction of cities could lessen. So, whether the world adopts adaptation or mitigation, peak urbanism is likely in the coming decades.\r\n\r\n","created_at":"2015-02-22T19:59:12.801Z","updated_at":"2015-03-16T12:39:16.414Z","zenodo_id":23308,"doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15593","subject":null,"tags":["future","urban","cities","climate"],"vote_count":3,"view_count":1,"score":3.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":true,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null}]