[{"id":195,"title":"Young scientists need collaboration","sha":"fcc3fd40bc1c5e66683efd3b40a01824","user_id":null,"state":"published","body":"As today’s science is a team effort, it is essential to promote the collaboration skills for young scientists in their early careers ([McNutt, 2015](https://www.sciencemag.org/content/349/6245/217.summary)). In China, the China-educated young scientists (*tubie* in Chinese, or ‘land turtles’), meet more challenges than foreign-educated intellectuals (*haigui* in Chinese, or ‘sea turtles’) when hunting a job or other achievements ([Fan, 2008](http://www.amazon.com/China-Move-Migration-Household-Routledge/dp/0415759749)). The major reason is that universities in China prefer to recruit young scientists with overseas background. *Tubie* thus have fewer choices, even they have equivalent academic records as *haigui*.\r\n\r\nA reasonable solution of *tubie*’s dilemma is to enhance collaboration with leading experts by ‘bring in’ and ‘going out’ strategies ([People’s Daily Online, 2015](http://lianghui.people.com.cn/2015npc/n/2015/0308/c393680-26656533.html)). Domestic labs should foster the collaboration with field leaders for young scientists’ benefit (i.e. [The Thousand Talents Plan](http://www.1000plan.org/en/)). In the meantime, young scientists should be encouraged to apply scholarships (e.g. [China Scholarship Council](http://en.csc.edu.cn)) for their overseas study and research, the way to be a *haigui*.\r\n","created_at":"2015-08-01T03:17:31.395Z","updated_at":"2022-03-27T13:18:22.766Z","zenodo_id":41518,"doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22313","subject":null,"tags":["young scientist","collaboration","education","china","teamwork","people skill"],"vote_count":2,"view_count":1,"score":2.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":true,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null},{"id":271,"title":"Awards specifically to free educational software that has proven to be effective in randomized field experiments involving a large number of schools.","sha":"4e060ddc3bdf00f0b6d110734bc64757","user_id":null,"state":"published","body":"Ben Goldacre described randomized field experiments as following: \"\"Randomised trials are our best way to find out if something works: by randomly assigning participants to one intervention or another, and measuring the outcome we're interested in, we exclude all alternative explanations for any difference between the two groups. If you don't know which of two reasonable interventions is best, and you want to find out, a trial will tell you.\" Randomized controlled trials are the gold-standard of evidence in evidence-based education and medicine.\r\nAwards should be routinely given to free educational software that has proven to significantly improve objectively measurable educational outcomes in large, randomized field experiments.\r\nEducational institutions should make it reasonably easy for software developers to test their educational software in randomized field experiments in real classrooms. Educational software that proves to be effective in rigorous evaluations should be awarded, and educational software that doesn't work should have to pay compensation to the schools where the testing took place. ","created_at":"2016-01-06T03:31:55.798Z","updated_at":"2016-01-21T17:13:19.673Z","zenodo_id":92525,"doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.44459","subject":null,"tags":["education","evidence","public policy","gamification","computer games"],"vote_count":1,"view_count":1,"score":1.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":false,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null},{"id":64,"title":"Piracy and (Digital) Economy - Beneficial side-effects of outlawed acts and black market economies for societies. ","sha":"2c6e126f305abe33c168c66d25be24f8","user_id":244,"state":"published","body":"There are various pointers in recent research that suggest that product piracy as a means of distribution is a mayor factor in not only innovation but also education and economic advancement. Independent studies also show  positive effects for the establishment of the class of goods that have been pirated on local markets. \r\n\r\nThis is especially true if looked at in combination with weak copyright protection mechanisms.The book market in Germany in Early Modern Europe - for example- could not have had such an explosive growth in comparison to the book market Great Britain at the same time without widespread and cheap illegal reprints available for a low price, no effective censorship nor copyright protection (Eisenstein_1980, Gieseke_1998). While Great Britain had a strict copyright regime in place around 1710, Germany did not establish a common copyright until around 1830. This lead to a wide-spread distribution of knowledge, a highly skilled workforce, a vibrant civil society and to Germany closing up and surpassing other industrial nations in the 19th century (Höffner_2010).\r\n\r\nThis research idea aims at linking these findings to the recent debate on internet piracy, copyright protections, pricing of goods and measures to foster innovation and economic growth.\r\n\r\nElizabeth_Eisenstein,1980:The.Printing.Press.as.an.Agent.of.Change.\r\nMichael_Gieseke,1998:Der.Buchdruck.in.der.frühen.Neuzeit.(Printing.in.Early.Modern.Europe)\r\nEckhard_Höffner,2010:Geschichte.und.Wesen.des.Urheberrechts.(History.of.Copyright.and.Related.Rights)","created_at":"2015-02-19T10:20:08.942Z","updated_at":"2018-05-21T14:50:35.520Z","zenodo_id":23127,"doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15519","subject":null,"tags":["piracy","software","torrent","information","data_exchange","knowledge","history_of_ideas","education","workforce","distribution_channels","logistics","piracy_of_goods","black_market_economy","product_piracy"],"vote_count":8,"view_count":1,"score":8.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":false,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null},{"id":53,"title":"Behavioral Economics: The Way Forward in Education","sha":"288fce5abf1d81cb1c4b701e2c056d3e","user_id":186,"state":"published","body":"Behavioral Economics focuses on modelling the decision-making process of individuals, by exploring the emotional, psychological, and social factors that lead to those decisions. Although it primarily focuses on economic decisions nonetheless there is significant potential in the educational field to use the key themes of behavioral economics. A key challenge in all levels of education is in motivating students to study, to participate in class, and to complete their assignments. Behavioral economics provides two key themes that can be used to achieve this, first, the use of heuristics, the rules-of-thumb and mental shortcuts people use when making decisions, and second, framing, the set of general, and generalized, concepts that individuals use in how they understand and think about reality.By combining these two themes, it is possible to present lectures, assignment, and feedback in such a manner as to induce the students engage and participate in the learning process, and particularly in the peer-learning process, in a full-engaged fashion. Additionally Conditional Expected Utility, Prospect Theory, and Intertemporal Choice, provide specific algorithms that may be used to devise specific prompts, and terminology, to aid students in achieving their potential.","created_at":"2015-02-17T21:17:21.935Z","updated_at":"2019-02-09T14:17:54.878Z","zenodo_id":22998,"doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15472","subject":null,"tags":["education","behaviouraleconomics"],"vote_count":4,"view_count":1,"score":4.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":false,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null},{"id":487,"title":"Components of Expertise","sha":"ffab4037c166cc20b1aebfadb090f205","user_id":null,"state":"published","body":"Herling (2000:13) in his \"Operational definitions of expertise and competence\" outlined three basic components of expertise: knowledge; problem-solving; and experience.\r\n\r\nHere, I propose a more sophisticated differentiation that involves four types of knowledge:\r\n1) Epistemic Knowledge; \r\n2) Tooled Knowledge;\r\n3) Meta-Cognitive Knowledge;\r\n4) Idiosyncratic Knowledge.\r\n\r\nEpistemic knowledge refers to the understanding and the formation of principles and generalizable causal relationships. Epistemic principles are highly likely to cross domain boundaries.  \r\n\r\nTooled knowledge refers to specialized techniques of fact-finding, interpretation, or analysis. They are highly domain-specific.\r\n\r\nMeta-Cognitive Knowledge refers to knowledge about one's own cognition. It involves constantly improving one's schemata regarding one's own optimal cognitive and psychic functioning.\r\n\r\nIdiosyncratic Knowledge is divided into two types. Personal Idiosyncratic Knowledge refers to personal experiences that are not (yet) integrated into higher order functional schemata. Social Idiosyncratic Knowledge refers to social knowledge of highly arbitrary nature, which one has to learn as an instrument to function better in the society.\r\n\r\nIt is important to note that all types of knowledge can be either derived by the person themselves via Peircean abduction, or they can be acquired through systematic training or education.","created_at":"2018-09-16T18:53:48.334Z","updated_at":"2024-07-10T09:40:14.090Z","zenodo_id":1419803,"doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1419803","subject":null,"tags":["expertise","competence","knowledge","cognition","developmental psychology","intelligence","polymathy","creativity","social knowledge","training","education","learning","proficiency"],"vote_count":1,"view_count":1,"score":7.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":true,"attachment_file_name":"lotus_flower_of_expertise.png","attachment_content_type":"image/png","attachment_file_size":224638,"attachment_updated_at":"2018-09-16T18:53:48.283Z"}]