[{"id":373,"title":"Human oral microbiome crisis at the end of 18th c.?","sha":"3e688fbc491d6d2db77b4035c5ad5b2c","user_id":null,"state":"published","body":"Scholars have recently shown a clear increase in the frequency of caries and tooth loss for humans after the end of the 18th c. [1] For the authors, changes in nutrition (more sugar) and dental health (possibly higher frequency of tooth extraction) could be the underlying factors which led to this minor to moderate shift of dental disease frequencies in Europe. In fact, other major factors may have play a key-role at this period [2], causing a modification of oral microbiome, especially at the level of the dental plaque: introduction of first vaccinations (smallpox), apparition and/or increase of the consummation of new aliments (potatoes, coffee, chocolate, tomatoes, maize, etc.) or drugs (tobacco), beginning of the industrial revolution (with subsequent changes in the time and mode of work, and the adaptation of human biology to it). Further metagenomic analysis of dental calculus will be necessary to investigate any significant modification of the oral microbiome that could confirm or not this hypothesis, comparable to the procedures used for the evolutionary stages of pre-humans, but on a wider scale.\r\n\r\nReferences\r\n1. Müller A, Hussein K. Meta-analysis of teeth from European populations before and after the 18th century reveals a shift towards increased prevalence of caries and tooth loss. Arch Oral Biol. 2017;73:7-15.\r\n2. Andrews K. History of medicine: Health, medicine and disease in the eighteenth century. Br J 18th Cent Stud. 2011; 34: 503-15.","created_at":"2017-03-26T23:00:03.234Z","updated_at":"2017-03-27T06:00:22.183Z","zenodo_id":438198,"doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.438198","subject":null,"tags":["global health","intestinal tract","epidemiology","human evolution"],"vote_count":0,"view_count":1,"score":0.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":true,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null},{"id":375,"title":"Epidemiology of musculoskeletal disorders and injuries among patients in a tertiary care public hospital.","sha":"ded69e26247017765808b40bc159e3f6","user_id":null,"state":"published","body":"\r\nMusculoskeletal disorders are a major cause of morbidity, influence health and quality of life and impose an enormous burden on our healthcare system.\r\n\r\nInjury is now a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Injuries on roads, at home and in work place have progressively increased reflecting a lack of safety-related policies and programs or difficulties in implementation of the same. We are passing through significant urbanization, industrialization and a change in the socio-economic values. Due to these changes, the number of automobiles on our roads is rapidly increasing. Besides causing pollution, this has lead to road traffic accidents becoming the first public hazard in the world.\r\n\r\nTrauma is an increasingly significant problem in India, and socio-economic and cultural changes are resulting in alterations in the epidemiology of trauma here also.\r\n\r\nBesides other reasons, delayed presentation and neglect is a very important factor, and this is responsible for poor outcome of musculoskeletal trauma, and neoplasia in particular, which as such carry a poor prognosis in many cases.\r\n\r\nThis study aims to assess the epidemiology of musculoskeletal problems and injuries among patients in a tertiary care public hospital in India. ","created_at":"2017-03-28T07:40:57.190Z","updated_at":"2017-03-30T06:00:24.898Z","zenodo_id":439139,"doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.439139","subject":null,"tags":["trauma","epidemiology"],"vote_count":0,"view_count":1,"score":0.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":false,"attachment_file_name":"Synopsis.pdf","attachment_content_type":"application/pdf","attachment_file_size":60625,"attachment_updated_at":"2017-03-28T07:40:57.163Z"},{"id":713,"title":"Tuesday/Thursday shutdowns as a reduced economic impact alternative for epidemic control  ","sha":"4afa44bd515b07f6be6014e1c1102d1a","user_id":null,"state":"published","body":"Total isolation and quarantine are being deployed in citiesaffected by the COVID-19 infection. These measures, while effective, have devastating socio-economic consequences. An alternative method which could achieve a major reduction in the infection's basic reproduction rate but with less economic impact would be to impose shutdowns on Tuesdays and Thursdays. If infections were solely through direct contact, this would simply reduce workweek potentially infectious contacts (PICs) by 40% - however, the virus is believed to survive outside the body for 36 hours or longer, and hence PICs arise in a secondary fashion, albeit presumably at a reduced rate. Assuming an exponential decline in PICs over time, these second-day PICs will be roughly half as frequent as day-one contacts and hence, bundling variables into an arbitrary scaling factor x and assigning a value of 2x to the number of direct contacts occurring in one day, then a typical workweek would present the following distribution of PICs: 2x, 3x, 3x, 3x, 3x. A workweek with closures on Tuesdays and Thursdays would instead present a distribution of 2x, 0, 2x, 0, 2x; just 43% of the typical workweek. This is potentially sufficient to lower the reproduction rate below 1, thereby containing the epidemic. ","created_at":"2020-03-13T10:34:59.910Z","updated_at":"2020-06-23T12:07:13.943Z","zenodo_id":3709095,"doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709095","subject":null,"tags":["epidemiology"],"vote_count":3,"view_count":1,"score":3.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":true,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null}]