[{"id":95,"title":"Limiting the Risks and Effects of Dry Cargo Liquefaction with Drying Filler Material","sha":"dafe772df9fcde200975529b57b8924c","user_id":391,"state":"published","body":"All too frequently, cargo ships transporting bulk cargo sink because of dry cargo liquefaction. By mixing cargo material (CM) with a non-reactive Drying Filler Material (DFM) the cargo hold could be filled completely regardless of the amount of CM to be transported, thus reducing the space in which the material inside the cargo hold can move. Due to the drying properties of the DFM, humidity in the CM could be reduced and stored in DFM particles, reducing the risk of liquefaction in the first place. Essentially one would add cat litter: just like cat litter, the DFM would bind humidity. Regular cat litter, made e.g. of bentonite, turns into clumps, which is what you want to avoid because you want to maintain the overall volume. Bigger items, such as wood pellets, though, might be more suitable. Potentially a better DFM must be engineered artificially. At the end of the journal CM and DFM would have to be separated. This would add some complications and costs to the overall process but might provide a way to reduce risks to the lives of seafarers.","created_at":"2015-02-24T16:36:39.832Z","updated_at":"2015-02-25T06:00:25.423Z","zenodo_id":23416,"doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15635","subject":null,"tags":["ship","shipping","cargo","vessel","dry cargo liquefaction","liquefaction"],"vote_count":0,"view_count":1,"score":0.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":false,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null},{"id":94,"title":"Limiting the Effects of Dry Cargo Liquefaction: Ultralight Honeycomb Cargo Hold Separators","sha":"c3f020721b4cbd8aa0383a66adb3b108","user_id":391,"state":"published","body":"Dry cargo liquefaction of cargoes such as nickel, iron or bauxite leads to numerous losses of human lives and shipping vessels. Despite regulatory and technical efforts, it appears very difficult if not impossible to completely prevent dry cargo from getting wet. The particles of the dry cargo, e.g. iron ore, start to move like a lump of liquid after it has become partially humid. In strong seas, this can lead to the vessel capsizing and sinking. There are two approaches how to deal with this. One approach limits the effect of liquefaction while the second in addition serves to prevent liquefaction in the first place.\r\nThe first suggestion is the introduction of an ultralight honeycomb structure into the cargo hold, which limits the movements of the cargo. Such a lattice should consist of a small number of components so that it can be removed quickly (e.g. with an excavator which would be used to remove the dry cargo) before unloading the cargo at the destination. \r\n","created_at":"2015-02-24T16:03:26.290Z","updated_at":"2015-03-16T12:38:38.990Z","zenodo_id":23414,"doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15634","subject":null,"tags":["ship","shipping","dry cargo","liquefaction","vessel","sea","ocean"],"vote_count":1,"view_count":1,"score":1.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":false,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null}]