[{"id":89,"title":"On centralized vs. decentralized neurotechnologies","sha":"80fe103e7e0fe456a227a195745b2a8b","user_id":335,"state":"published","body":"Neurotechnology is any technology developed to interface with brain function. It is a rapidly advancing area with important implications for the study of the brain and neurological disorders, as well as consumerization of the connectome and related neurocognitive processes. However, the topology of different neurotechnologies remains limited. One useful classification is between centralized and decentralized neurotechnologies. Centralized neurotechnologies are defined as having a direct input and/or output with the central nervous system (CNS). An example of this is a deep brain stimulation machine with inputs to the cortex or subcortical nuclei that is used to modulate neurotransmitter activity. Conversely, decentralized neurotechnologies do not share a direct link to CNS, but are designed to sense and/or modulate neural function. An example is a machine learning algorithm that uses realtime biological signals to predict seizure onset in epileptics and allow for preventative actions. Here, it is hypothesized that centralized and decentralized neurotechnologies vary along two important axes: the power to modulate neural function and the invasiveness of the technology. This classification system has important implications for (a) estimating the rate of neurotechnological proliferation and (b) generating ethical guidelines for both scientific research programs and consumer product development.","created_at":"2015-02-22T20:27:22.392Z","updated_at":"2015-02-25T20:42:10.984Z","zenodo_id":23310,"doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15594","subject":null,"tags":["neurotechnology","neuroscience","ai","brain","technology"],"vote_count":1,"view_count":1,"score":1.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":true,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null},{"id":402,"title":"Anti-eclipse glasses","sha":"a4149e71ef82c38ea852825492d0dc9c","user_id":null,"state":"published","body":"Eclipse glasses function by blocking all UV light and the majority of visible light according to the [ISO 12312-2 international safety standard](https://www.iso.org/standard/59289.html). The visual effect of those glasses is to show significantly dimmed partial occlusion of the sun while the surrounding environment is filtered to below-visible illumination. \r\n\r\nAnti-eclipse goggles reverse the visual effect by showing an image of the occluded sun and creating a non-eclipsed surrounding visual environment, resulting in the elimination of all visual effects of the eclipse.\r\n\r\nThis is achieved through an augmented reality [ferroelectric liquid crystal on silicon (FLCoS)](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5523901/) glasses-mounted display, coupled to a miniature microprocessor mounted on the arm of the glasses, akin to commercial products such as Google Glass. Relevant prior art includes [US Patent US9341843 B2](https://www.google.com/patents/US9341843).\r\n\r\nThe image presented will replace the direct image of the sun with a recorded image at a non-damaging intensity and will enhance darkened areas in the environment so that the typical eclipse arcs through tree leaves and other visual artifacts of the eclipse become non-visible.\r\n\r\nWe expect these glasses will find maximum interest for their potentially calming effects among groups such as the fundamental Christians who believe the eclipse signals [the beginning of the end of the world](http://www.biblestudytools.com/revelation/9.html) and members of various other cults.","created_at":"2017-08-18T01:25:03.031Z","updated_at":"2017-08-18T06:00:53.574Z","zenodo_id":844939,"doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.844939","subject":null,"tags":["technology","eclipse","vision enhancement","augmented reality"],"vote_count":0,"view_count":1,"score":0.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":true,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null},{"id":72,"title":"Complexity spaces will capture more a more nuanced understanding of technological evolution in the Pleistocene","sha":"c1ed1c7574111dd65a413b3b28d11519","user_id":290,"state":"published","body":"In Paleolithic archaeology, we are interested in changes in complexity in technology, social networks, and communication over time. However, little research has been done to specify and quantify what is meant by ‘complexity.’ Recently that has begun to change.\r\n\r\nAll of these contributions seem promising, but they focus on different conceptualizations of complexity. Perault et al. [(2013)](http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/673264) develop the concept of techno-units. Mahaney ([2013](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263465321_Measuring_the_Evolution_of_Toolmaking_Complexity_Indices_of_Operational_Complexity), [2014](http://www.paleoanthro.org/media/journal/content/PA20140586.pdf), In progress) has focused on individual action sequences, using complexity indices from information theory ([Gabadnho et al. 2011](http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gilbert_Ritschard/publication/220786242_Indice_de_complexit_pour_le_tri_et_la_comparaison_de_squences_catgorielles/links/53edabdb0cf26b9b7dc5f259.pdf)) and graph theory. Rugg [(2011)] (http://www.paleoanthro.org/media/journal/content/PA20110154.pdf) focuses on the organization of the foraging economy.   Instead of attempting to develop a single complexity metric, perhaps archaeologists should attempt to situate lithic technologies in a complexity space comprise of multiple measures each capturing different aspects complexity. Elaboration may take place at different levels at different times. For instance, it may be the case that the transition from Oldowan to Acheulean technologies after 1.8 ma involved changes at the level of the individual action, techno-units or cultural recipes. However, the emergence of the Levallois and Mousterian technologies after 250 ka may represent increased economic complexity. \r\n\r\n[Robert Mahaney Researchgate](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Robert_Mahaney)\r\n","created_at":"2015-02-19T21:33:56.695Z","updated_at":"2019-02-04T21:53:37.221Z","zenodo_id":23170,"doi":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15538","subject":null,"tags":["archaeology","paleolithic","achelean","lithics","technology","evolution","paleoanthropology","oldowan"],"vote_count":2,"view_count":1,"score":2.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":false,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null},{"id":540,"title":"Dementia is a Hydra: Care v. Cure.","sha":"00f8653c848143abcee25337758e99ff","user_id":null,"state":"published","body":"Care versus cure is the current dilemma within dementia research. Is it ethical to prioritise resources to find a cure? Is this even possible? What is the projected timeframe? Clinical trials are long, costly procedures and bringing a drug to market in a responsible and affordable way is challenging.\r\n\r\nConsidering the Hydra analogy, dementia is an umbrella term for many diseases - a multifarious beast. For every question or issue tackled, another appears. For example, there is a tendency for dementia to be diagnosed at advanced stages, once symptoms present more severely. Delayed diagnosis is especially prevalent among black, minority and ethnic groups. Despite the best intentions of earlier detection, definitive diagnostic tools are still unavailable.\r\n\r\nHowever there are opportunities, particularly with interdisciplinary researchers, clinicians, volunteers and politicians working together to improve everyday dementia care. This may indicate a shifting tide towards improved psychosocial approaches alongside medicalised views of dementia. Technologies may help to understand how people with dementia perceive their environment and to identify potential influences on their participation and enjoyment of everyday life. In doing so, we can ensure the surrounding environment is more accessible and liveable for all of us.","created_at":"2018-12-06T15:41:28.931Z","updated_at":"2018-12-07T06:01:26.305Z","zenodo_id":2008569,"doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2008569","subject":null,"tags":["dementia","technology","environment","metaphor","cure","care"],"vote_count":0,"view_count":1,"score":0.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":true,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null}]