[{"id":408,"title":"Helmholtz Resonance Balloon Flute","sha":"8c196da81af52fb8afb97bbf15877866","user_id":null,"state":"published","body":"The idea here described falls in the field of organology, or the science of musical instruments. A new wind instrument is described, the sound of which ranges over about one octave. Its merits are negligible cost, musical versatility, and potential popularity. \r\n\r\nObtain a plastic bottle of about 500 ml volume, in the hourglass shape typical of Coca-Cola®. The bottle's parts are described in [US Patent 6695162 B1] (https://www.google.com/patents/US6695162). Turn the bottle upside down. On the flat surface of one of its petaline feet, drill or melt a clean [embouchure hole] (http://www.originalflutes.com/links/embouchure-dimensions.html) about 10mm in diameter. The edge of the hole closest to the bottle’s longitudinal axis is sharpened and slightly lifted, perhaps with a soldering iron. Remove the bottle’s cap. Pull the neck of a party balloon of about 100 ml volume (uninflated) over the full thread of the bottle’s neck. Fill the bottle and the balloon with water through the embouchure hole, leaving the upper 150 ml of the bottle’s chamber empty. \r\n\r\nTo play the instrument, hold the bottle’s waist in one hand, and blow over the embouchure hole to create a tone. Squeeze the balloon with the other hand, to vary the size of the chamber, and therefore the pitch. The physics are described by [Helmholtz Resonance] (http://newt.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/Helmholtz.html). ","created_at":"2017-10-02T21:26:10.303Z","updated_at":"2019-04-29T10:02:01.178Z","zenodo_id":1002370,"doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1002370","subject":null,"tags":["organology","wind instuments","bottle flute","balloon flute","helmholtz resonance"],"vote_count":3,"view_count":1,"score":3.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":true,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null},{"id":604,"title":"Surround Sound Pickup for String Instruments","sha":"0c3f5de433a1803b6780bd6a98b36988","user_id":null,"state":"published","body":"This idea describes an innovation in the field of organology, or the science of musical instruments. It is [generally assumed](https://www.google.com/url?sa=t\u0026rct=j\u0026q=\u0026esrc=s\u0026source=web\u0026cd=1\u0026cad=rja\u0026uact=8\u0026ved=2ahUKEwit8pHNupDhAhXCThUIHYkuDAMQFjAAegQIARAC\u0026url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.springer.com%2Fcda%2Fcontent%2Fdocument%2Fcda_downloaddocument%2F9781461405566-c1.pdf%3FSGWID%3D0-0-45-1276554-p174127065\u0026usg=AOvVaw3T9enf9kitXvmK_4sbCBTa) that the strings of string instruments, when they are struck or plucked, vibrate in one dimension, which is (so to speak) vertically. In reality, strings vibrate in two dimensions, both vertically and horizontally, so that they rotate. [Hideyuki Nomura](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281263851_Theoretical_analysis_of_two-dimensional_vibration_of_single_piano_string_using_equivalent_mechanical_circuit_models) describes the rotation of a piano string, while [Pàmies-Vilà et al](http://www.cs.ioc.ee/~dima/publications/Line-cam-Pamies-Vila2014.pdf) describe the rotation of a guitar string. [Taofledermaus]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=39\u0026v=6sgI7S_G-XI ... https://sites.google.com/site/shmguitarstrings/) offers a high-speed video of two-dimensional vibration in guitar strings. Consider now that it is possible to design a pickup with [magnetic](https://patents.google.com/patent/US2896491A/en) or [Hall-effect](https://patents.google.com/patent/US4182213A/en) transducers, which is capable of detecting both vertical and horizontal vibration, and with that, the rotation of strings. Thus, as one possibility, the rotation of strings may be amplified and transferred to rotation around a room. This may be efficiently delivered to the listener through [Dolby 5.1 or 7.1](https://www.diffen.com/difference/5.1_Surround_Sound_vs_7.1_Surround_Sound) surround sound. According to the [BBC](http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20190307-the-electric-spark-that-changed-the-guitar-forever), guitarist Keith Richards proposes that there are 'lots of ways to rethink how pickups are designed and used'. If a surround sound pickup were realised, moving from one to two dimensions may be the most significant leap in pickup technology since its dawn.","created_at":"2019-03-20T10:18:59.069Z","updated_at":"2019-06-02T06:01:15.474Z","zenodo_id":3236952,"doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3236952","subject":null,"tags":["pickup","string instrument","surround sound","string vibration","electric guitar","electric piano"],"vote_count":0,"view_count":1,"score":0.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":true,"attachment_file_name":null,"attachment_content_type":null,"attachment_file_size":null,"attachment_updated_at":null},{"id":915,"title":"Body Image Compensation","sha":"af7c64934f0fc8398de4228c87db23dd","user_id":null,"state":"published","body":"I here describe a solution to a problem in the area of optics. Worldwide, there is concern over the effects of the use of smartphones, tablets, computers, and webcams on body image. The use of cameras in these devices reinforces a [thin ideal](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552652/), which is damaging in its effects. I identify the major cause of the problem as camera hardware. A single lens may increase facial thinness in an image by 10%, compared with a face seen with two human eyes. This is due to [angular size](https://www.austincc.edu/jheath/Solar/Hand/Angsize/angsiz.htm), or how wide an object appears to be. See the Attachment Figure 1, a smartphone photo of US politician Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. Such thinness is overcome by mounting two lenses about 6 cm apart, where the average human [pupillary distance](https://www.allaboutvision.com/eye-care/measure-pupillary-distance/) is 63 mm. An (inter alia) smartphone would then include software to integrate the two images. The Attachment Figures 2 and 3 show my own face at about 25 cm distance from a Lenovo laptop camera (314 pixels ear to ear). Attachment Figure 4 shows these images integrated (338 pixels ear to ear), as if viewed with human eyes. This broadens my face about 7.6% Currently, popular [smartphone](https://www.techadvisor.com/feature/mobile-phone/best-camera-phone-3675843/) and [computer](https://www.xda-developers.com/best-laptops-1080p-webcam/) cameras do not have such a feature. Companies which adopt this technology could boast of Body Image Compensation.","created_at":"2022-02-23T20:27:07.405Z","updated_at":"2022-02-26T06:00:44.379Z","zenodo_id":6288634,"doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6288634","subject":null,"tags":["thinness ideal","social media","smartphone","tablet","computer","webcam","optics"],"vote_count":0,"view_count":1,"score":0.1,"deleted":false,"muted":false,"tweeted":true,"attachment_file_name":"Facial_Thinness.jpg","attachment_content_type":"image/jpeg","attachment_file_size":212099,"attachment_updated_at":"2022-02-23T20:27:07.314Z"}]